The Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1636 Words

m Spectrum Disorder This paper will cover many aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder, also commonly known as ASD. It will identify reginal, national and global statistics of the occurrence of ASD, predisposing factors, usual signs and symptoms of ASD, and tests used for diagnosis. It will also analyze both medical, surgical and psychosocial aspects of the care needed by patients with ASD, interdisciplinary interventions, comorbidities commonly associated with Autism, and the prognosis of these patients. Lastly it will identify several implications for best nursing practice and interventions that may be helpful in the care of these patients. Description of the Condition Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder The identification of the†¦show more content†¦Predisposing Factors The current research of ASD has concluded this disorder is as complex as the predisposing factors. Freitag et al. stated that â€Å"the current evidence therefore points to ASD being a highly complex process involving multiple contributing loci, genetic heterogeneity, gene-gen interactions, and gene-environment interactions† (as cited in Johnson et al., 2017). In other words, there is no single cause genetically or environmentally that causes ASD to occur. Some environmental factors before birth include both premature birth and low weight at birth, as well as breech, cesarean, and the mother having multiple births; maternal stress, viral infection during pregnancy, use of reproductive medications and artificial insemination, and mothers over the age of 35 also have positive correlations with the occurrence of ASD (Johnson et al., 2017). Other environmental factor s implicated in the manifestation of ASD are exposure to large amounts of environmental pollutants (Johnson et al., 2017). It is also commonly acknowledged that Autism Spectrum Disorders are greatly heritable (Myers et al., as cited in Johnson et al., 2017) and was made more evident by identical and fraternalShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn moreRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow Autism Influences the Interactions with Others There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Dustin S. Staats University of Central Oklahoma â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.† (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. â€Å"Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.†(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) Purpose: My audience will learn the importance of recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Thesis: It is important to understand the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe following paper is going to cover the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using research and data collected from various authors and journalists the paper will describe the different variations of autism and discuss the impact autism has on a person- in society, at home, in the classroom, and in their careers. Beginning at infancy, autism has a major impact on not just the child but their family’s life as well. The child’s lack of ability to interpret social cues, gestures, and expressionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013 (Kress Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM-5 merged all autism

The Supernatural Is Essential In Christianity. “[A]...

The supernatural is essential in Christianity. â€Å"[a] supernatural event is one that takes place by the immediate, as distinguished from the mediate, power of God† (Machen, 84). The supernatural event in the Bible is a demonstration of God himself, and it is one of the crucial elements to be a basis of the doctrine of Christianity. In spite of this significance, the modern understanding of the supernatural in the Bible makes Christianity fall into trouble. â€Å"The miracles used to be regarded as an aid to faith, it is often said, but now they are a hindrance to faith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (87). The reason for that is people of today believe that the supernatural is not explained scientifically, so they simply think that the Bible is a collection of unbelievable†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Kant, who is a Newtonian, sincerely desires to make Euclidean geometry and Newtonian physics as real knowledge (106). To fulfill his desire, Kant concludes that the science could be real knowledge if synthetic a priori is possible (255). Kant claims that the mind of a human being is the source of synthetic a priori to get true knowledge (257), and the mind is not passive but active to get knowledge. This active mind is imposing various meaning unto the world where a man is experiencing (256). According to Kant, the knowledge made by the active mind is a priori and synthetic. Then, Kant calls it epistemological change ‘Copernican revolution’. Significance of Copernican Revolution. According to John Frame’s explanation, Kant’s Copernican revolution has three significant points; the first point is that the active mind is worked by the twelve structure of the mind. It means that how the structure of mind is shaped would have an influence upon a judgment of mind, which is imposing a meaning on experience. The second point is that sense perception in experience is real. To justify the second point, Kant claims that â€Å"[w]hat we perceive are things located in time and space† because â€Å"the mind imposes a spatiotemporal order on everything that it perceives† (258). In other words, the sense perception is not just empirical because a man must have known the analytic knowledge about the time and space to perceive an object in hisShow MoreRelatedReligion And Religious Forms Of Religion1016 Words   |  5 Pagesparamount aspects in my definition, which is as follows: Religion is a community that sh ares notion in some supernatural force and apportions a worldview that disunites the sacred from the profane and reinforces this worldview through symbols, rituals, traditions, texts and objects of religion. Foremost in my definition is the aspect of a supernatural force. While this term is nebulous, it is essential in differentiating religion from many non-religious forms of ‘worship’ such as devout fans of Miley CyrusRead MoreHow Is Christianity Living and Dynamic and How Does It Answer the Enduring Questions of Life?1271 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity is a faith based religious tradition, of which the follower is considered to be a Christian adherent. Thus, being a living tradition, Christianity is continually subject to change in accordance to the needs of the adherent and reaffirming the Christian tradition within a contemporary context. The aspects, which attribute the present existence of Christianity and its dynamism therein, include sacred texts and writing s, ritual and ceremonies, beliefs and believers, and ethics. UltimatelyRead MoreBeowulf And The Epic Of Gilgamesh1667 Words   |  7 Pagessame characteristics were essential to be thought of as a hero 3,000 years ago as well. Two of the most widely known epic poems of their time were Beowulf and The Epic of Gilgamesh. Both Beowulf and Gilgamesh embody traits known exclusively of a hero. The poem of Beowulf and The Epic Gilgamesh both showcase the characteristics required of being an epic, in that they include a hero on a quest performing valorous deeds in an elevated style, while being protected by supernatural forces. The epic poemRead MoreComparing Different Worldviews And Their Effect On Society1216 Words   |  5 PagesChrist’s death and resurrection as the only means for salvation. Within this simple definition we can see the basis for almost all the prominent elements within their worldview. Christians are theists, that is, they belief in the existence of a supernatural God. Although Christians need to have faith in their God, they do not merely forsake all types of philosophy. The Christian philosophy portrays a life full of purpose where you shape your beliefs according to a truthful worldview. (TEXT 92) AccordingRead MoreThe Kikuyu Tribe of Kenya and the Oath-Taking Process1705 Words   |  7 Pageswell aware that Kenyans were generally inclined to refrain from committing acts that would influence supernatural powers that they believed in to act against them. While the general public might feel that it would be absurd to put across such thinking, Kenyans are particularly concerned about spirituality and they consider that it is essential for them to maintain a good relationship with supernatural powers. One of the phrases used in the Mau Mau oath ceremony is to the effect that if I do anythingRead MoreThe Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements and Speaking in Tongues3214 Words   |  13 PagesTHEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements and Speaking in Tongues Submitted to Dr. Timothy McAlhaney in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of the course CHHI 525-D08 Spring 2015 LUO History of Christianity II By Fred Martin May 13, 2015 Contents I. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................................1 II. The History and Theologies of Pentecostals and Charismatics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 a. Brief History of the Pentecostal andRead MoreThe Human Nature Of Humanity Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesby public education so as to elevate the whole race of humanity. Enlightenment thinkers were passionate Advocates of Liberty by which they meant freedom for political and religious authorities. The original idea had been that religious unity was essential to Unity of people and a country. Enlightenment notions of political liberty derive largely from 17th century English thinker John Locke who maintained that governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed ideas of religious freedomRead MoreSummary Of Faith In Young Goodman Brown1016 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to obtain good in life, one has to undergo evil. An influential figure in the religion of Christianity named St. Augustine emphasized this notion in his book, Confessions, when he states â€Å"And it was manifested unto me, that those things be good which yet are corrupted †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (115). Augustine is stressing that all things that are corrupt, or dishonest, are deprived of good, meaning that evil is essential to achieve or acquire good in life. There is no evil in life with there only being good becauseRead MoreKant And Sir William David Ross Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing beyond good and evil. They insist He is â€Å"good† and â€Å"righteous† and an essential and distinct part of the universe. Those who object that notion of God because a good God would not allow evil are on faulty ground since their objection rests on appealing to an absolute standard of good and evil. (Lewis, pgs. 35-39). The Invasion: In admitting God’s existence one must also admit evil’s, which creates a problem. Christianity admits evil’s presence, believing a good world simply went wrong. DualismRead MoreThe Nature Of Spirituality : The Iroquois Nation Of The Eastern Woodlands1684 Words   |  7 Pagesinhabited the Great Plains and prairies surrounding the modern states of North and South Dakota, as well as Minnesota. They are cousins to the Iroquois Nation. They were characterized as having unity and there was no separation from the natural to supernatural world. Sioux practiced Rituals through worship and praise. They believed that every object was a spirit, known as â€Å"Wakan†. They also believed that everything in the material world was not real, it only appeared to be real. Wakan Takan, or holy

FreeLance Photography Essay Example For Students

FreeLance Photography Essay Working as a freelance photographer has given me the opportunity of doing a wide range of photographs including portfolios, weddings and catalogs. As a Photographer, I have accumulated a number of years of experience and the needed technical skills in order to produce a professional photograph. I must have the ability to arrange whatever I am shooting so that the subject stands out clearly in the finished picture. Cameras, lenses, and lighting are some of the standard tools I use in photography. When doing a location job, I also require a light meter to properly gain the right lighting exposure. My love of photography began in high school, where I began to develop my skills. I began taking different photography jobs here and there, which consisted of portfolio work, head shots and catalog work. A year and a half after graduating from high school I decided to attend El Camino College. At the time I had no real direction in many of the classes I was taking. After a couple years I finally decided that photography was again the direction I wanted to go. I began working towards my Associates Degree in Photography. After finishing my prerequisite classes, I began taking the photography classes that El Camino had to offer, by this time I had already been working at a professional level for a couple of years. Knowing my excelled level of experience, Daralin Rowan, who is the head of the photography department, gave me the opportunity to help teach the classes I was taking. I graduated in 2002 with my Degree in Photography. There are many skills one needs to know in order to be a freelance photographer. Some of these skills include knowing how to frame a subject, being able to give direction and understanding light. This is just to name a few techniques. I learned a lot from my classes and the opportunity to teach others, but I feel the majority of my knowledge came from my time working hands on in the studio and on location shoots. As a photographer I specialize in studio work. I feel most comfortable in this area of photography because its my comfort zone. Working as a freelance photographer means that I am often involved in many different types of situations. For example, working in a studio setting means I have more control of my surroundings, such as lighting, shadows and the type of backdrop I use. Studio photography is easier because you can create the exact environment you desire. Soft light, hard light, hair light and background lights are all under your control. So if the pictures come out wrong, I have nobody to blame but myself. Working on a location shoot means going to the client and the atmosphere they choose. This has its advantages and its disadvantages. One advantage of working on location is the ability to work with natural lighting, which typically means there is less set up time involved. A couple of the disadvantages of working on location are crowd control and not having the ability to control the weather. I have experienced problems with working this way when it came to crowd control. In the past while working on a modeling job, I have had spectators that have tried to be in the pictures, disrupting the work flow. Another type of location work that I have dealt in is catalog shoots, this type of work deals with taking pictures of still life items to be published in a magazine for profit. This is exceptionally easy to do, but I have often found there is little room to set up and work in. A third type of photography is wedding photography, although it could technically be considered a location job, I considered weddings to be in a class of their own. When doing a wedding there is a huge amount of responsibility placed on any photographer. It is a fast paced environment with no chance for second takes. I have done a few weddings in my time and although all of them turned out with excellent results, weddings and one-chance events will always be my least favorite type of work. Some of the tools and techniques I use as a photographer are various types of cameras, studio lights, flash and strobe units as well as light meters. With the development of digital photography, computers and printers are now considered todays tools of choice in the photography market, as they are now taking the place of darkrooms. The cameras that I use for work come in various formats, digital, 35mm, medium format and large-format. .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .postImageUrl , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:hover , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:visited , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:active { border:0!important; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:active , .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077 .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21afd0cda17e9064ae9a0dcb2803f077:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ansel Adams - fine photography arts EssayMedium and large format cameras are primarily for studio use, they use a larger piece of film allowing the photographer to make its image size larger at the time of printing. When I work with studio lights, I am able to create various types of lighting conditions using different arrangements. I control the intensity of the light on the subject using power boxes, umbrellas, soft boxes and strobe lights. A couple of different techniques that I use when doing photo shoots are called high key exposure and low-key exposure. High key exposure means that the object in the picture is over exposed showing a washed out effect, which is used i n a lot of ads today. A low-key photograph is done by underexposing the photograph giving me darker almost ominous result. Another common technique that photographers use is called silhouetting a subject, this technique is achieved by taking an exposure reading off of a much lighter object and then photographing the original subject using that same exposure. I can also use a computer program if I am working with digital to manipulate my photos. A darkroom is used for the same purpose if the photograph was taken using film. Choosing a direction in my life and becoming a freelance photographer has been very rewarding, although it can be challenging at times. I gain great satisfaction in seeing the finished results of my work and knowing I have satisfied the client. Although there are many unforeseeable obstacles in each new job, I can only rely on my education and experience to see me through. There are even times that I am too critical, seeing flaws that a normal person would think was perfect. More times than not I can walk away from a job knowing I did the best that could be done leaving beautiful, professional pictures for others to enjoy for years to come. I have the ability to capture a persons life in time and to me that is the most rewarding thing about my job.

Physics Notes Essays - Physical Sciences, Natural Sciences

Physics Notes: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion at constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force. The change in motion of an object is proportional to the ratio of the net force to the object's mass. For every action there is an opposite but equal reaction. Instead, Einstein reasoned that all motion was relative and that only the speed of light was constant. Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905, explained that nothing could travel faster than light, and that, if an object approached the speed of light, time would slow, the object's mass would increase infinitely, and its length would shorten. In 1730, French scientist Charles du Fay described the existence of positive and negative charges. In1750,Benjamin Franklin concluded that electricity was caused by the flow of an electrical fluid. In 1780, Charles Coulomb showed that electrical forces decreased as the square of the distance between two electrical charges. In 1800 Alessandro Volta created the voltaic pile, which produced electric current. He correctly described the principles of attraction and repulsion between magnetic poles and how the earth was like a magnet.In 1750, John Michell showed that the force of repulsion between like magnetic poles decreased with the square of the distance between them. Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) showed that heat was not a fluid, as people had previously hypothesized Thermodynamicsthe movement of heat Old ideas are challenged and tested, which leads to new ideas. The number of discoveries increases as the number of scientists involved increases.The number of scientists working in physics has increased since ancient times. Available technology can drive physics discoveries or develop from them. Governments can be important in coordinating projects like expensive particle accelerators. Physics is an ongoing process.

17 Ideas for Your Author Blog (Plus Tips for Finding More)

17 Ideas for Your Author Blog (Plus Tips for Finding More) From the moment there were storytellers, there were audiences fascinated with the personal lives of those storytellers. In the same way that gossip magazines publish details on celebrities lives, many people want to know the lives of creators and artists- their romantic relationships, hobbies, influences, and whatever other juicy information one could find. It helps them feel more connected to the author, with a certain inside scoop that not everyone knows.This exact fascination with the personal lives of authors is the type of audience engagement that can help build your online presence if you are an author seeking to market your writing. And in a time when everyone and their grandmother (literally) is part of a digital audience- this online presence could exponentially build your platform for wildly successful book sales.Whether youre an indie author or have a publishing contract, your author blog is a great way to attract new readers while maintaining dialogue with your core audie nce. With this amazing marketing opportunity available to authors looking to grow their readership, below are 17 ideas for topics on days when its hard to come up with your own. Weve also included several tips on how to find hundreds more topic ideas to build an online audience.Discuss your favorite place to write and why you enjoy it so much.Talk about a member of your family or a caregiver who influenced you the most, and how they have supported you as a writer.Discuss a location youve visited that was particularly inspiring, perhaps one that ended up in your novel.Write about a book that changed your perspective as a writer.Talk about your favorite literary character and why he or she is your favorite. Discuss ways in which the author approached characterization that made the character particularly appealing to you.Discuss an obstacle in the writing process that was most difficult for you to overcome.List your top 10 favorite books and why they are meaningful to you.Reveal to you r readers the inspiration behind one of their favorite characters that youve created.Post a piece of flash fiction. This article in the New Yorker has some great examples.Offer other authors how to pieces, such as how to develop your characters or how to self-publish. Providing informative content is a great way to keep readers interested in your blog.Conduct interviews with other authors in your genre and help them get the word out about their own writing. Youll find that theyll be happy to do the same in most cases.Post information that would be interesting for readers within your genre. For example, if you write Romance, discuss romantic getaways or top-10 romantic restaurants. If you write Mysteries or Thrillers, writing about crime scene investigation techniques or famous haunted houses would be great ways to engage readers. In addition to using these types of posts to provide your blogs audience with useful information, the keyword content will increase your pages ranking on G oogle search engines.Offer readers a list of your favorite writing resources. Consider providing links to purchase them on Amazon.Create a vlog (videoblog) discussing a topic that would be of interest to your readers. If you can teach writing or publishing tips, thats a great way to engage your audience and offer useful information to them. According to this Hootsuite article, Seventy percent of viewers use YouTube to help solve a problem with work, school, or hobbies, and 86 percent said they regularly use YouTube to learn new things. Among millennials, the numbers for self-directed learning are even higher: 93 percent of them use YouTube to find out how to do things.Talk about writing mistakes new writers commonly make. This is a great way to offer informative advice that could really be a game-changer for others wishing to publish a novel.Discuss 15 insane but true things about publishing a novel. This title alone will be a great eye-catcher for your readers and will give you the opportunity to reveal some real facts about the publishing process that most people dont already know.Talk about the biggest myths surrounding the topics of writing a book. What are some you can personally bust from your own writing experience?Tips for finding moreNow that weve discussed some blog topic ideas for you, lets look at ways you can find even more ideas online.Look through Quora for questionsQuora is a crowdsourced website where questions are asked and answered. With an easily searchable keyword tool, Quora gives you the opportunity to see what kind of questions other people have that might benefit from your expertise as a writer. For example, if you are self-published, a quick search of self-publishing returns the following questions:What is the difference between self-publishing and traditional publishing, and which ones better?Can I publish my 1,000,000-word novel or will I have to self-publish it as an eBook?How do I self-publish my book?Why do writers opt for self-p ublishing?Is self-publishing a good option for writers?What are your experiences as a self-published author?Another great thing about Quora is that you can use the website to respond to questions, leaving a link to your blog article within your response. This increases your blog traffic and exposes a wider audience to your books sales links.Use a blog topic generatorBlog topic generators are abundant and can be a good resource for helping you come up with new blog ideas that will attract readers. This generator is a great place to start.Keep in mind that with online content (as well as offline content), the headline you choose will affect the percentage of readers you engage. This page discusses seven different headline generators that will help drive the SEO (search engine optimized) copy your website needs to rank higher on Google (and other) search engines.Research competitors blogs to see what theyre writing aboutA great way to add to your topic idea list is to research other wr iters blogs and see what theyve written about to draw blog traffic. Sometimes, simply reading through a list of their headlines can give you ideas about how to write a spin-off of one of those topics and make it unique to your experience and audience.Obviously, you dont want to completely rip off headlines, but keep in mind that with the extent of content now available online, there really is nothing new under the sun (as the saying goes). Looking to other author bloggers for ideas is a perfectly acceptable way to build your own blog copy with informative, engaging content that is of interest to readers.

Free Essays on Dentistry

Dentistry Introduction thesis statement. My term paper is on the career of a dentist .A dentist is a medical professional who specializes in the care of teeth, gums, and mouths. Some dentist's make dentures for people with out teeth. Their are many ,many kinds of dentist's. For example their is a dental assistant, a dental hygienists, a oral surgeon, also a dental laboratory technician. These career's are just some in the world of dentistry. By doing this research I believe my research will show. What a dental assistant, dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeon, and dental laboratory technicians dose. Like for example what do they do , what is their salary, their nature of their work, and the education needed to become one of these people. The thing you need to know before you become any kind of a dentist. I choose to do my term paper on dentistry because when I grow up I want to become a dentist. My aunt's and uncle's are all dentists and I want to know what they do for a living. My a unt's and uncle's worked very hard to get to where they are and they are very proud of themselves. And I thought it would be interesting to learn about dentist's. The things that I already know about my topic dentistry is that there are a lot of other fields in this particular topic. For example there's a dental laboratory technician, a dental assistant, dental hygienists, Orthodontists, and oral surgeons. And these are just a few of the career's in dentistry. I know that the dentist works long hard hours. They have to at least finish high school. Then you go to college for four years. I also have a feel of how much a dentist makes they make 50,000 dollar's a year. But if you study hard, have a high school diploma , graduate from college, and take a lot of training your salary could be a lot more then 50,000 dollars. It would be 100,000 dollars a year. So all of that hard work and effort in school pays of. Dentist have to go throw a lot of ... Free Essays on Dentistry Free Essays on Dentistry Dentistry Introduction thesis statement. My term paper is on the career of a dentist .A dentist is a medical professional who specializes in the care of teeth, gums, and mouths. Some dentist's make dentures for people with out teeth. Their are many ,many kinds of dentist's. For example their is a dental assistant, a dental hygienists, a oral surgeon, also a dental laboratory technician. These career's are just some in the world of dentistry. By doing this research I believe my research will show. What a dental assistant, dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeon, and dental laboratory technicians dose. Like for example what do they do , what is their salary, their nature of their work, and the education needed to become one of these people. The thing you need to know before you become any kind of a dentist. I choose to do my term paper on dentistry because when I grow up I want to become a dentist. My aunt's and uncle's are all dentists and I want to know what they do for a living. My a unt's and uncle's worked very hard to get to where they are and they are very proud of themselves. And I thought it would be interesting to learn about dentist's. The things that I already know about my topic dentistry is that there are a lot of other fields in this particular topic. For example there's a dental laboratory technician, a dental assistant, dental hygienists, Orthodontists, and oral surgeons. And these are just a few of the career's in dentistry. I know that the dentist works long hard hours. They have to at least finish high school. Then you go to college for four years. I also have a feel of how much a dentist makes they make 50,000 dollar's a year. But if you study hard, have a high school diploma , graduate from college, and take a lot of training your salary could be a lot more then 50,000 dollars. It would be 100,000 dollars a year. So all of that hard work and effort in school pays of. Dentist have to go throw a lot of ...

Compare and contrast literature regarding primary closure of surgical Essay

Compare and contrast literature regarding primary closure of surgical wounds and its effect in wound healing - Essay Example From February of 1996 to July of 1996, Singer et al (2002) examined 814 patients having 924 wounds. In this study, they suggested that wound infection was associated with the presence of extensive wounds and adjacent trauma in the skin. Suboptimal appearance of the wound was increased with its location in the extremity, the size of the wound, its apposition, associated trauma in the tissue, use of electrocautery, and the presence of infection. Singer et al (2002) suggested that minimizing electrocautery use and other surgical techniques traumatizing the skin as well as ensuring complete apposition of the wound with minimal tension during closure of the wound help achieve a cosmetically appealing scar. This study is limited due to its nature being a secondary prospective analysis study. Moreover, wound care was not standardized and only showed small number of poor outcome (12 infections being treated with systemic antibiotics, 9 of which belong to the adhesive group and 3 belongs to t he group that uses standard sutures). Another study done by Zeplin, et al (2007) on the comparison of various materials for treatment of lacerations of the skin by means of a pig experiment using OPTOCAT 3 – dimensional scanning technique with 10 Goettinger minipigs as experimental animals to examine wound healing process and development of scar in full incision of the skin. Suture materials used were skin adhesive, absorbing and nonabsorbing suture materials from the following companies: (1) Braun companies (Histaocryl, Monosyn, Safil, Premilene); and (2) Ethicon (Dermabond, Monocryl, Vicryl, Prolene). Zeplin et al (2007) reported that in all wounds that were treated, dehiscence occurred in about 2.5%. Histoacryl skin adhesive shared 15% of the wounds that were treated. From this research study, Zeplin et al (2007) concluded that with an increasing wound length,

What are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing ROI (Release Research Paper

What are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing ROI (Release of Information) - Research Paper Example This calls for a need to outsource the ROI activity so that things can be accomplished with minimal fuss. The potential advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the ROI are as follows: According to an estimate, Hospital Information Management (HIM) departments need to retain at least three workers on full-time basis and accommodate their pays, monthly privileges and educational expenses in the budget in order to adequately administer the ROI process. (Fournier, Coffey, and Bellenghi, 2008, p. 22). Outsourcing the responsibility for the ROI offers the owners’ room to minimize the expenses by saving the money that would have otherwise been consumed in purchasing the insurance, facilities and monthly privileges for the permanent HIM employees. Also, money spent on educating the employees through additional training is saved. Not only that, outsourcing the ROI services can be employed as a fundamental means to transfer the risks and all liabilities to the contractor accepting the responsibility. In addition to that, applications and requests are entertained timely with minimal inconvenience to the applicants as well as the staff. Furthermore, the information is released with increased responsibility and remaining within the limitations imposed by the owners which goes in favor of the owners. Although usually outsourcing ROI bears more advantages than disadvantages, yet the disadvantages can be very severe once encountered. It is an established fact that no other company would take the responsibility as seriously as the owners themselves fundamentally because the contracting companies are concerned with their fee, and the owners’ reputation does not matter much to the irresponsible contractors. However, disadvantages are not commonly encountered unless the contracting company tends to maximize its profits by selling the owner’s secret reports and statistics to the spying agencies.

The importance of SOC broth for bacterial transformation Article

The importance of SOC broth for bacterial transformation - Article Example The elementary one of it is Lysogeny Broth. SOC is associated with it (Hannan). SOC is a variant and a further refined form of SOB. While SOB is devoid of glucose, it is the presence of glucose to SOB which makes it a SOC. It also helps identifying and determining different colonies of bacteria, their growth time, and their overall nomenclature. SOC media is enriched with glucose which makes it more sought after for the formation and lateral transformation of bacteria. However the presence of bacteria is a concern since it strengthens the overall cell existence and ultimately more resistance. Other advantage to SOC broth is its adjustment to the PH level around 7, which is most desired and provides options towards a neutral usage. Apart from this, SOC contains certain percentage and proportion of MgSo4. Hence all these traits and possessions make SOC broth more suitable for bacterial transformation than the

Islamic Banking in Malaysia | Research Introduction

Islamic Banking in Malaysia | Research Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Background of Studies Islamic Banking is a banking system that based on Islamic Law (Shariah). It follows the Shariah, called fiqh muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The rules and practices of fiqh muamalat came from the Quran and the Sunnah, and other secondary sources of Islamic law such as opinions collectively agreed among Shariah scholars (ijma), analogy (qiyas) and personal reasoning (ijtihad). The main principles of Islamic banking are the prohibitions of interest (usury) in all transactions, the undertaking business and trade activities must be based on fair and legitimate profit and the prohibitions of monopoly and hoarding. By doing so, Islamic banks will safeguard the Islamic communities and societies from activities that are forbidden in Islam. Islamic Banking is one of the fast growing banking industries today, many institutions have stepped into this multi-billion dollar booming industry by establishing its Islamic wings and units. Thus it may have a good prospect in the future. Introduction Islamic banks have been operating like other traditional banks about four decades. Like another conventional or commercial bank, they also mobilize deposits and granting loan to other. However, there are some different between Islamic bank and conventional or commercial bank. Islamic bank running the business based on Islamic Law (Shariah). Besides, Islamic banking also prohibited the transactions based on interest rate. Beyond the above distinct, Islamic bank are similar with conventional or commercial bank as the products and services provided are the same. Generally, we can define the Islamic bank as a non-interest based financial institution, which complies fully with Islamic Laws and has creative and progressive financial engineering to offer efficient and competitive banking, investment, trade finance, commercial and real estate financing services (AbdulQawi, O. and O. Lynn, 2001.) Islamic Banking is now one of the worlds largest faster-growing economic sectors, comprising over 300 institutions over 75 countries. Islamic Banking refers to a system of banking, which is following the Islamic Law or Sharia principles and guided by Islamic economics. In Islamic banking, the collection and payment of interest (also commonly called Riba is prohibited. In general, Islamic law also prohibits people from trading in financial risk because is seen as a form of gambling. Besides, investing in businesses that are considered as haram also prohibited in Islamic law. Various Concepts of Islamic Financial Products Profit sharing financial products Musyarakah (partnership/ joint venture) Involve 2 or more parties. All parties invest their money in a business. Distribution of profit will be shared according to the agreed ratio. Losses will be borne by all parties (share the losses on the basis of their equity participation). Mudharabah (profit sharing) There is an agreement between capital provider and entrepreneur. Capital provider provides money for an entrepreneur to carry out a business. Profit will be shared in profit sharing based or pre-profit ratio (Variable rate). Losses have to bear by capital provider of the fund. Qardhul Hassan (benevolent loan) Interest free loan Need to repay the principal amount borrowed plus an extra amount at borrowers borrower ¡Ã‚ ¯s absolute discretion (as token of appreciation) Example: Amanah Ikhtian Malaysian (AIM) The Bank may use an appropriate proportion of the funds at its disposal for what may be considered as the discharge of its social responsibilities through loans to truly deserving customers for worthy economic projects with the underlying objective of support and assistance. The borrower is obliged under Syariah to repay only the principal amount of the loan according to its terms and conditions. The Bank cannot demand the borrower to pay anything apart from the principal amount of the loan, although in Syariah it is desirable that the borrower does so at his/her own discretion. Wakalah (nominating another person to act) A situation A person nominates another person to act on his behalf. Hawala Bill of exchange, promissory note, cheque or draft. Example: a debtor passes on the responsibility of payment of his debt to a third party who owes the former a debt. Thus the responsibility of payment is ultimately shifted to a third party. A mechanism for settling international accounts, by book transfers. This obviates, to a large extent, the necessity of physical transfer of cash. Advance purchase financial products Murabahah (cost plus) Short term loan Involve in asset buying Bank buys it and sells it back to you when it is mature. The price will include a profit margin as agreed to by both parties. (Cost + profit margin) It is similar to housing loan. Payment can pay back in lump-sum or monthly payment and the period of paying back is set by the borrower. Istisna (Progressive Financing) A contract of acquisition of goods by specification or order where the price is paid progressively in accordance with the progress of a job. Ijarah (leasing) Leases equipment, building or other facility At an agreed rental against a fixed charge (agreed by both parties) Deposit products Wadiah Yad Dhamanah (savings with guarantee) For safekeeping or saving purpose. Wadiah is a Trust which means that the depositor must trust the depository. Bank (depository) act as trustee Depository becomes the guarantor who needs to guarantee repayment of deposit. There is no interest t be provided. Depository has provided the return to a depositor as token of appreciation. Return (profit) given based on profit sharing (Fixed rate) Mudharabah Deposit products based on revenue-sharing between depositor and bank, including saving products that can be withdrawn any time and time deposit products. Qard al-Hasanah Unremunerated deposit products, usually for charitable purposes. Insurance products Takaful Islamic insurance with joint risk-sharing History The first modern experiment with Islamic banking was undertaken in Egypt under cover without projecting an Islamic image to avoid of being seen as a manifestation of Islamic fundamentalism that was anathema to the political regime. The pioneering effort, led by Ahmad Elnaggar, took the form of a savings bank based on profit-sharing in the Egyptian town of Mit Ghamr in 1963. This experiment lasted until 1967 (Ready 1981), by which time, there were nine such banks in the country. In 1972, the Mit Ghamr Savings project became part of Nasr Social Bank which, until the date, is still in business in Egypt. In 1975, the Islamic Development Bank was set up with the mission to provide funding to projects in the member countries. The first modern commercial Islamic bank, Dubai Islamic Bank, opened its doors in 1975. In the early years, the products offered were basic and strongly founded on conventional banking products, but in the last few years the industry is starting to see strong development in new products and services. Islamic Banking is growing at a rate of 10-15% per annum and with signs of consistent future growth (Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis, 2008). Islamic banks have more than 300 institutions spread over 51 countries. The earliest form of Islamic Banking in Malaysia was set up by Perbadanan Wang Simpanan Bakal-Bakal Haji (the Pilgrims Management and Fund Board) in 1963. This institution was set up for Muslim to save and assist them to perform a pilgrimage in Makkah as well as to encourage them to participate in investment opportunities and economic. While the first Islamic bank established in Malaysia was Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) which commenced operations on 1 July 1983. The government of Malaysia had introduced a systematic process to implement a proper Islamic financial system among the people in Malaysia. The first phase is the period of familiarization during year 1983-1992, and this is the time that Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad established. During this period, BIMB has developed itself as one of the most respectable financial institutions in the country, and been listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 17th January 1992. The second phase was happened in year 1993-2003. In these ten years, the government on Malaysia was aimed on creating a more conducive environment for competition among the banks and give banks to try to capture the market share. During year 1993, the conventional banks were allowed to offer Islamic banking services by setting up Islamic windows or Islamic banking scheme (IBS) to attract the public especially Muslim to involved in. The third phase that commenced from 2004 was the period of further financial liberation. At this time, the government gives the opportunities to foreign Islamic banks to operate in our country by issuing a license to them. Malaysia is the first country that implements dual banking that Islamic banking system and conventional banking system operate side by side. Problem Statement The Islamic banking nowadays is gaining rapidly and going popularity. Many local and foreign banks in Malaysia are offered and open special Islamic Banking counter. In this research, I will focus on the performance, problems and prospect of Islamic banking in Malaysia. There are lots of issues about Islamic banking in Malaysia, such as public acceptance, factors of selection toward the services and products, risk management and others. This will be discussed in the next chapter which is literature review. Even the Islamic banking has been introduced in our country over 20 years, but there still have to meet some problem. Based on the above, the research problems are listed as below: Lack of knowledge among public about the prospect of Islamic banking in Malaysia Lack of understanding about Islamic banking makes the people do not involve in it. Islamic banking has a different risk profile than the conventional bank due to the Islamic prohibited of interest. Public acceptances of Islamic banking are not strong. Research Objective To study the problems and performance of Islamic Banking in Malaysia Islamic Banking has emerged as a new reality in the international financial scene since the 1970s and has been established in Malaysia over 20 years. The emergence of Islamic banking is often related to the revival of Islam and the desire of Muslims to live in all aspects of their life in accordance with the teachings of Islam. This paper is designed to study about the performance of Islamic banking and determine how well it. To analyze the prospect and growth of Islamic Banking in Malaysia Islamic banking has a significant growth in Malaysia. Many local banks as well as foreign banks are now providing Islamic banking and finance services to the public. The factors that determine the prospect and growth need to be studied. As a country that consisted of a dual banking system, Malaysia plays an important role as an example to other countries on how to maintain this kind of banking system. This may give the opportunities to Islamic banking to expand and continue to growth. To find out the public acceptance and awareness of Islamic Finance Product among Malaysian The public acceptance is playing an important role to determine the succession of Islamic banking in Malaysia. Most of the people are dealing with the conventional banking because the interest rate provides a constant return for the customers. Islamic banking advocate interest free makes people think that there is no return by invest their money in Islamic banking services and products. Thus the public acceptances need to be raised as this will only bring a good prospect and future for Islamic banking industry. To study the factor influence the selection of Islamic Banking. Currently Islamic bank strategically offering high quality products and services to satisfy their customers due to the strong competition, a customer expectations for high quality services and rapidly changes of technology. Factors that are reflecting to customers perception and satisfaction on Islamic Banking need to be investigated. This study hope to analyze and determine the perception, quality of services, availability of services, confidence in bank and social and religious perspective about the Islamic banking system. Scope of Studies The scope of studies of this research paper is a focus on the problems, performance and prospect about Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. This paper also introduces various Islamic financial contracts provided and give a briefly describe about the products and services. Besides, this research also discussed about the factors of selection on Islamic banking and some current issues through the literature review. Organization of Research This research is divided into three sections, which includes: The use of literature review to find out what is the current situation about Islamic banking industries. By review these journals, I can easily identify the performance, problems and prospect about Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. This would be the first part of research. After this step, a framework will be developed and to understand the variables. Once the framework is being done, a questionnaire will be created to understand the revolution and the impact of Internet Banking for the users. This questionnaire will then be distributed for results. The third part of the research will be analyzing if the results of questionnaires scientifically and come with conclusions and reasons of particular happening. Once this is being done, then we will formulate various measures that could be done to make the situation more favourable.

Describe the Different Stakeholders

Kentucky Fried Chicken There are many stakeholders of KFC the main ones are Employees, Customers, Delivery services, Contracted Vending Companies, suppliers and Contracted Cleaning Companies. Employees- †¢Employees are important stakeholders in the business as they provide the service to the customer who eats at KFC. Without well trained staff the business would not run smoothly. The interest of the staff would be to make sure they have a secure job and a steady wage.If employees feel they are being treated poorly they will be less enthusiastic towards work. Customers- †¢Without customers going to KFC it would not make profit and eventually go bust. Customer’s interest in KFC would be to go to their restaurant to have a fast food meal in which they enjoy. Delivery services- †¢Delivery services expand the product and services for the customers. Without delivery services being on time and well ran KFC would not have the stock that is needed. Contracted Vending com panies- Their interest would be to supply their product to KFC so they sell it on and get their product in the restaurants. Contacted Cleaning Companies- †¢They would insure that KFC stays hygienic and the image of the company is good. Employees- †¢ Employees are important stakeholders in the business as they provide the service to the customer who travels via Translink. Without the staff being able to do their job correctly the company would not run according to plan. If the staff do not do their job correctly it will not insure they stay in the work place. Related essay: What Can Business Learn From Text Mining?Customers- †¢Translink supply a service to the people of Northern Ireland which are customers. Customers aren’t as important to Translink as they are to KFC as Translink is government run and does not make a profit. Even if customers don’t use Translink it will not go bust as everyone pays tax’s to keep it running. Bus/ Train manufactures- †¢They want to insure Translink are running well so they have another company that will buy new equipment off them. Contracted Cleaning Companies- Translink will spend a certain amount of money each year to provide a clean station and equipment this will make sure of a tidy company and will keep customers coming back. G4S security company- †¢G4S want to keep their contract with Translink as this will make them a profit. They are contracted so that the stations are safe and the staff feel secure. Local Shops- †¢They would want Translink to be close to th eir shops so that commuters going and coming off the Train or Bus to go to their shops.

Doing Business in Thailand

Thailand†s booming economy has encouraged me to begin a new business relationship with a highly recognized Thai company. I manufacturer a line of products for the sugar processing industry. I recently signed a one-year contract with Thai Chemiclas and Engineering Co. Ltd., located in Bangkok, to be my exclusive representative in the Thailand area. Thai Chemicals and Engineering will promote my product line and get it into the all the sugar mills in the area. They will purchase two containers per month for which we have negotiated a compatible price. The containers will be shipping out of Savannah, Georgia with a final destination of the port of Bangkok. The shipping terms will be CIF: Bangkok. I decided to use a local company to represent my product line for various reasons. First of all, I need someone that knows the culture and business environment who has an established relationship with other locals. Once my products become known, I would like to establish a! factory in Thailand. Therefore, I found it necessary to gather all the information required to begin a new business in Thailand. Although business can be 100 % owned by foreign investors, some are reserved for 51 % Thai ownership. People of any nationalities can participate in ownership to varying degrees: through sole ownership, a limited companycorporation, an ordinary partnership, a limited partnership, or a branch of a foreign corporation. The Ministry of Commerce's Department of Commercial Registration is directly in charge of company registration. The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is a well-developed financial institution which welcomes foreign investment. Bangkok's modern Don Muang International Airport can easily serve your arrivals or connections. Thailand is equipped with an extensive and ever-developing transport infrastructure and an extensive state-run rail system. There are numerous shipping ports including Bangkok's Klong Toey Port and the Eastern Seaboard's Mab Ta Phut and Laem Chabang deep-sea ports within 200 kilometres of Bangkok. Typical business hours are : for banks and financial institutions, Monday – Friday 9:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m.; Government offices, Monday -Friday 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. (closed noon – 1 p.m.); private business, Monday – Friday from 8:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. The Royal Thai Government (RTG) has been reducing import duties and trade barriers as part of its obligations as a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and as a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations' (ASEAN) Free Trade Area (AFTA). A Factory Establishment Licence must be obtained from the Ministry of Industry. Fees depend on machinery power rating and the number of employees. Arbitrary customs valuation procedures constitute another barrier to U.S. exports. The Thai Customs Department may use as a check price the highest previously invoiced price of a product imported from any given country and may disregard actual invoiced values in favor of the check price for assessment purposes. On June 6, 1995, the Thai Cabinet approved a policy to require, on a case by case basis, countertrade on government procurement contracts valued at over 500 million baht ($20 million) Thailand maintains several programs that subsidize exports, including preferential financing for exporters. Thailand's export-import bank, established in September 1993, is responsible for some of these programs, particularly the packing credit program. One of the most prominent trade issues between the United States and Thailand has been the extent of Thailand's protection for U.S. copyright, patent and trademark holders. The Kingdom of Thailand respects all international laws regarding copyrights and trademarks. Thailand passed a new copyright law in December 1994 that strengthened legal copyright protection and increased the penalties for copyright infringement Amendments to the trademark law in 1992 provide higher penalties for infringement and extend protection to services, certification, and collective marks. Under current Thai regulation, only persons of Thai nationality may be licensed in many professional services, including accounting, architecture, engineering, construction management, brokerage services and legal services. However, there is planning to revise these regulations. The announcement of National Executive Council No. 281, commonly known as the Alien Business Law, limits foreign equity in many Thai firms to less than fifty percent. The Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between Thailand and the United States provides for 100 percent U.S. ownership of companies in most industries. Businesses in the fields of communications, transport, fiduciary functions, natural resources, or trade in agricultural products are excluded from treaty coverage. The Communications Authority of Thailand imposes stringent equity and revenue sharing requirements on International Value Added Network Service (IVANs) providers. In conclusion, The World Bank predicts that Thailand will be the world's eighth largest economy within 20 years by the year 2020. Thailand will have a larger economy than Brazil, Britain, France, Italy and Taiwan. Thailand's own National Economic and social Development Board has seen a doubling of the economy in the year 2000 and the Kingdom ranking first in Southeast Asia, among the seven ASEAN states. I feel that this is the perfect timing to invest and I am confident that my business will prosper.

Free Essays on Women’s Literary Production As “Intrusion On The Right Of Men”

Women’s Literary Production as â€Å"Intrusion on the Right of Men† In many of the works we have read this semester we see women struggling to break free from a system of social construct. Many of these women use there literary talent to tell their stories of intruding on the rights of men. The women use different styles of writing but are all trying to show there struggle for equality. Some of the women wrote poetry while others used autobiographies and short stories to let the world know about the corrupt system they were working in. We live in a male dominated world where women writers are trying to work with in the system of social construct in order to change the system for future generations. In this paper, I will discuss three literary works we have read this semester and demonstrate how these women are intruding on the rights of men in order to change the system. In the poem â€Å"The Goblin Market† by Christina Rossetti, the idea of the male dominated society is shown in a very creative way. Rossetti uses Goblins to signify sex driven men. The poem begins with the Goblin men tempting Lizzie and Laura to come eat there plump and luscious fruits. These fruits signify the male genitalia that are very tempting to Laura but Lizzie tries everything in her power to keep her sister hidden from the goblin merchant men. The Goblin men come every night trying to take the girls virginity away. Laura undermines Lizzie’s pleas and goes to the merchant men where she sells a lock of her golden hair in order to suck the ripe fruits until her lips are sore. When she returns home she tells Laura about how wonderful the fruits were and how she longs for more. The next day, Laura goes out waiting to hear the merchants call again and Lizzie hears them but Laura never hears the calls again. The Goblin men took her virginity so they were now done with her. As time goes by Laura falls into a deep depression and she will not eat. The pure Li... Free Essays on Women’s Literary Production As â€Å"Intrusion On The Right Of Men† Free Essays on Women’s Literary Production As â€Å"Intrusion On The Right Of Men† Women’s Literary Production as â€Å"Intrusion on the Right of Men† In many of the works we have read this semester we see women struggling to break free from a system of social construct. Many of these women use there literary talent to tell their stories of intruding on the rights of men. The women use different styles of writing but are all trying to show there struggle for equality. Some of the women wrote poetry while others used autobiographies and short stories to let the world know about the corrupt system they were working in. We live in a male dominated world where women writers are trying to work with in the system of social construct in order to change the system for future generations. In this paper, I will discuss three literary works we have read this semester and demonstrate how these women are intruding on the rights of men in order to change the system. In the poem â€Å"The Goblin Market† by Christina Rossetti, the idea of the male dominated society is shown in a very creative way. Rossetti uses Goblins to signify sex driven men. The poem begins with the Goblin men tempting Lizzie and Laura to come eat there plump and luscious fruits. These fruits signify the male genitalia that are very tempting to Laura but Lizzie tries everything in her power to keep her sister hidden from the goblin merchant men. The Goblin men come every night trying to take the girls virginity away. Laura undermines Lizzie’s pleas and goes to the merchant men where she sells a lock of her golden hair in order to suck the ripe fruits until her lips are sore. When she returns home she tells Laura about how wonderful the fruits were and how she longs for more. The next day, Laura goes out waiting to hear the merchants call again and Lizzie hears them but Laura never hears the calls again. The Goblin men took her virginity so they were now done with her. As time goes by Laura falls into a deep depression and she will not eat. The pure Li...

Review on three articles of visual art

Review on three articles of visual art There are various forms of visual art and these have undergone various forms of developments in the past. These forms of visual art perform various functions to the society. This paper looks at three articles on the development of various forms of visual art and the various perspectives reflected in the articles.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review on three articles of visual art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Modernist Painting, Greenberg addresses the importance of modernism and culture in art. He states that purpose of modernism is to improve a given discipline and in so doing, it should address all aspects of culture (Para. 1 2). He argues that in old days, the people used art â€Å"to conceal art† while â€Å"modernism used art to call attention to art† (Para. 7). The artists in modernism openly acknowledged the limitations that constituted the medium of painting and regarded th em as positive factors while the old masters considered them as negative factors. He also addresses the issue of flatness of the painting surface. He argues that this was the only attribute that pictorial art did not share with other forms of art. As a result, modernist painting committed itself to flatness because it was its only unique attribute. Modernist painting is naturalistic and attached to other forms of art, especially sculpture, and culture. This makes it firmly attached to tradition (Para. 11). Greenberg asserts that modernism is just an evolution of tradition and that modernist painting and art at large is â€Å"carried out in much the same way as before† (Para. 18). It is a continuation from the past without a break making it connected to the past. Alloway Lawrence’s article The Arts and the Mass Media addresses the issues of population growth in relation to art. Increase in population led to increased industrialization thus changing the world. One of the remarkable achievements of the industrial society is the development of mass arts (Para. 5). After World War II, art became highly flexible even though traditional ideas in art persisted (Para. 2). The masses got involved in shaping the state and standards of art as opposed to the small group of elites there before. In this article, Lawrence says, â€Å"mass art is urban and democratic† (Para. 2). He also argues that mass arts are not purely academic, as most critics believe. Instead, they are anti-academic especially in style, technique and iconography (Para. 5). Mass arts reach a large audience and hence affect the culture of this audience. In reality, the mass arts have become part of the culture (Para. 9). Lawrence also argues that the development of mass art is rapid. The rapid change in technology aggravates this rapid growth of mass art.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lear n More On the other hand, Leo Steinberg in his article Flatbed Picture plane gives and explanation of the development of Picture painting on surfaces. He uses the word flatbed picture plane to give a description of â€Å"the picture plane of the 1960s – pictorial surface whose angulation with respect to the human posture is the precondition of its changed content† (Para. 1).He explains the transformations the printing surface has undergone from the time of renaissance to the modernist printing. In old times, printings were in upright state. This changed at around 1950. There was a change away from the head to toe correspondence with the human posture (Para. 4). According to Steinberg, â€Å"it is not the physical placement of the image that counts† (Para. 5). He likens the shift of the picture plane from vertical to horizontal as an expression of the shift of the subject matter from nature to culture. He argued that the change in picture plane in post-Mo dernist printing has made art â€Å"non-linear and unpredictable† (Para.19). The three pierces are addressing the changes that have taken place in various forms of visual arts. Each writer tackles a specific form of visual art. Greenberg tackles Modernist painting; Steinberg deals with picture planes while Lawrence handles arts and mass media. They differ in the way they perceive changes to these forms of art in the modernist era. They also differ in the way they view culture and art. The three writers agree that there has been change to the way artists present various forms of visual art. They agree that tradition has played a great role and continue to shape these forms of art (Lawrence, Para. 2; Greenberg, Para. 18; Steinberg, Para. 20). They also agree that these visual arts perform both academic and non-academic functions. Even though Lawrence and Greenberg consider these changes to be positive, Steinberg considers the changes to be negative and disturbing the purity of art (Steinberg, Para. 20). In conclusion, as society changes, the various forms of art also change. The change may be gradual or rapid. Culture has an effect on art and some forms of art, like mass media art, have an influence on culture. Even though art undergoes changes, tradition still plays an important role in the various forms of art. This is because art continues without a break making it always connected to the past. Greenberg, Clement. Modernist Painting. N.d. Web.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review on three articles of visual art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lawrence, Alloway. The Arts and the Mass Media. N.d. Web. Steinberg, Leo. The flatbed picture frame. N.d. Web.

Human Resouce Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resouce Management - Essay Example As a result, employees tend to work hard for their companies boosting low employee turnover rates and high employee satisfaction rates. Fulfillment of the goals of HRM is directly associated with the dedication of employees to the company. If the employees are satisfied due to provision of various employee benefits, they work with full commitment, which not only results in increasing workplace productivity but also ensures generation of high revenues for the company. Low employee turnover is one of the most incredible accomplishments of the HR departments of Genentech and Zappos. â€Å"Companies take a deep interest in their employee turnover rate because it is a costly part of doing business† (Beam). If the employees are satisfied with the company and there is no issue of discrimination, none of the employees will ever want to leave the company. Therefore, employers of all companies need to include employee benefits in their strategic plans in order to fulfill their goals reg arding employee turnover and workplace productivity. Answer: No: 2 Rosenbloom states, â€Å"Employee benefits are a part of employees’ total compensation† (3). ... Money is not always the best motivating factor for the employees. Managers of Genentech and Zappos believe that employees look for benefits along with money. If a company provides employees with normal salaries without any employee benefit, it reduces their interest in working for that company. That is the reason why managers of Genentech and Zappos think towards providing such benefits to their employees, which should be able to retain and motivate the employees. Development of fun loving culture by Zappos and provision of innovative benefits to the employees by Genentech, such as, paid sabbaticals and pet insurance are some of the effective ways to retain and motivate employees. Provision of such benefits increase employee motivation and they feel good to work for their companies. Genentech and Zappos also focus towards ensuring flexibility in job design for the employees. The reason is that development of employee benefits system along with flexible job design not only motivates e mployees to achieve rewards and benefits but also improves morale of the employees. Therefore, we can say that Genentech and Zappos have been successful in motivating employees through providing considerable benefits to the employees. Answer: No: 3 The use of incentives and benefits such as those offered at Genentech and Zappos depend on some key factors. Some of the most important factors, which organizations need to consider while developing incentives and benefits system for their employees, include managerial capability and cost of the benefits. Managers of a company need to be proficient in implementing the rewards and benefits system in an appropriate manner. The most

The history of coal in the 19th century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The history of coal in the 19th century - Essay Example The demand of coal was highly increased. It was admitted that in 1700 year coal production stand for the â€Å"2.7 million tonnes† while in 1800 year that number corresponded to the â€Å"10 million tonnes† (HistoryLearningSite, 2014). Moreover, till the end of nineteenths century of coal mining increased extremely high. The statistic data showed that in 1900 year coal production enlarged toâ€Å"250 million tonnes† (HistoryLearningSite, 2014). Such increase of coal production happened due to the number of different reasons that are highly essential. First and foremost, it could be mentioned that the industrial revolution led to the urbanization and increasing of population. It was more comfortable to use coal as a fuel than to use wood or charcoal, as the city dwellers have no opportunity to live near the forest and provide wood as a fuel (Wilde, 2015). Moreover, it was a few times cheaper; therefore, it was popular among the city dwellers. Coal industry played a significant role in the production of other things and issues in that period. For example, it was admitted that â€Å"after 1800 towns began to be lit by coal powered gas lamps† (Wilde, 2015). It was relevant to admit that people used coal for the lightening their houses and flats. Moreover, this material provided a helping hand in the development of small and huge industries in Europe (Wilde, 2015). Each factory had used coal as a fuel because of its practice and price. As it was admitted coal was used as a fuel â€Å"from iron production to simply bakeries† (Wilde, 2015). In addition, nineteenth century was marked by the expansion of borders between countries. People constructed channels that made the market of coal production wider (Wilde, 2015). That functioned through the trains and railways. It was worse to admit that they also were in need for coal as a fuel (Wilde, 2015). It was relevant

Violence by Gilligan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violence by Gilligan - Essay Example Violence by Gilligan How do we react to violence or a violent individual or group physically hurting us or other members of our society? Dr. James Gilligan, author of ‘Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes’, using his experience of over 35 years in dealing with prisons and the criminals of violent crimes, explains how instrumental our perceptions and reactions to violence are in eliminating it. The concept of a harmoniously balanced society with ‘no violence’ is a resultant of mutual care and support between the members of that society (Duen Hsi Yen). This emanates from respect for each other, the absence of which internally hollows the structure of a society even though it may be apparently working harmoniously. The effects of this hollowing can be witnessed in the increasing violent crime rates, even in countries with efficient crime control agencies like the FBI and Department of Justice in the U.S. This implies a critical analysis of the different theories of Violence. The earliest theory by the founder of the field of Psychoanalysis, Freud himself, declares that violence is but a natural impulse in all human beings. But the first hand experience of Dr Gilligan with violent criminals reveals the opposite. Violence is caused rather than natural, and society may very well be one of its major causes. In his description of the different perceptions of violence and their affects, Gillian identifies three categories of reaction towards violence; pathos, moral plays and understanding violence as tragedy.

Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay Example for Free

Self Determination of Indigenous Australians Essay â€Å"Self determination is a principle of International Law and it must be the basis of social and political organisation† (Mazel, 2009, 150). This is an important principle in the acknowledging of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples rights. Self determination allows Indigenous peoples to independently determine their political status and gives them the freedom to economically, socially and culturally develop as according to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Maguire, 2009, 2). Acknowledging this fundamental right is essential for Indigenous Australians to be able to preserve their culture, dignity and independence. Therefore, political, social, cultural and economical independence and freedom need to be granted to the Indigenous peoples. Arguably, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) was politically a step forward for Indigenous self determination and autonomy. ATSIC was established in 1990 and allowed Indigenous Australians, via a number of councils, to effectively govern themselves. This gave them the opportunity to take care of their own land, education, economic development, laws and justice and a number of other issues. â€Å"Aboriginals must be recognised for what they are, a peoples in their own right with their own culture, history and values† (Djerrkura and Herron, 1999). Since ATSIC was abolished, the Indigenous peoples have even less political representation and their infrastructure has worsened. To maintain the traditions and culture of the Indigenous Australians, they need to be able to have the strong connection to the land that is such an integral part of who they are as a people. The Aboriginal Land Rights legislation is a positive step forwards in this way. Also, socially there needs to be more recognition in the white Australian community of the damage that was done in past generations and there needs to be more respect for the lands original owners. As more responsibility is taken for the wrongs against the Indigenous population, and more actions are taken such as providing mental health services to help deal with this, there will be less social stigma attached to the Indigenous population. The Australian Government implementing the Northern Territory Intervention was a direct violation of the Racial Discrimination Act and it â€Å"impairs self-determination of Aboriginal communities, their ability to make certain choices about how their communities are run† (Anyana, 2010). This blatant form of institutionalised racism is demoralising and takes the Indigenous Peoples dignity from them, lowering their self-esteem and essentially making the causes of excessive drinking worse. Also, government funding is not going far enough in terms of infrastructure or providing support. Without basic needs being met such as garbage collection or emergency plumbing, the risk of disease is much higher. Most importantly, I believe that there needs to be some constitutional changes so that rights cant be revoked so easily. Also, Indigenous history, culture and customs need to be assimilated into into all compulsory education from as early as possible so that the younger generation can co-exist more harmoniously. Another very important thing for white Australians need to do is stop trying to force westernisation onto the Indigenous people and let them be autonomous. Self determination is necessary for Indigenous cultures so that a cultural majority doesnt take over and force the old culture into extinction. Increased political independence and representation is an important step towards this, as well as encouraging their spirituality and better social integration of the diverse cultures. It is important that the Australian government gives back the Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory the right to manage their own finances and also to economically support these remote communities infrastructural development. This principle of international law is a foundation for organisation both politically and socially because handing over the responsibility is not only a show of respect but allows Indigenous Australians to take pride in who they are. REFERENCE LIST Mazel, O 2009, The Evolution Of Rights: Indigenous Peoples And International Law, Australian Indigenous Law Review; Volume 13, Issue 1. Maguire, A 2009, The Right of self determination to the Indigenous peoples of Australia, National Human Rights Consultation. Djerrkura, G and Herron, J 1999, Regional Autonomy for Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Communities; Discussion Paper. Anyana, M. 2010, The West Australian; NT Intervention violates human rights: UN.

Project Coast: South Africa’s Top Secret Chemical and Biological Weapon

To protect the safety of the country and people of South Africa, those who hold authority or control in the decision making process sometimes are faced with making tough decisions. When it comes to South Africa, President P. W. Botha decided that to best protect the welfare of the citizens, a defensive measure must be established that was secure and efficient. The idea of such measures brought on an evolution of a secret chemical and biological weapons program which became known as Project Coast. The personnel that knew of its existence hid the program from the world and used various measures to ensure that this program remained their little secret. However, no secret lays dormant forever. The idea of S. Africa partaking in such measures shined a distasteful light on a country that was already divided and fighting amongst each itself. Project Coast was against all the morals of what the United Nations had established and stood for peace and working together unified. The S. Af rican government knew this; the pride and protection of their well-being outweighed what was right. South Africa’s choice to begin a Chemical and Biological Weapons Program (CBW) was unsound but this was not the first time the country experimented with such lethal weapons. History reveals that during World War II, South Africa participated in the manufacturing of mustard gas when the Smuts government assisted Great Britain (Gould & Folb, 2002). There were two manufacturing plants that produced the gas, but by 1945 production ended and the plants were closed. When these plants were closed the idea of research still lingered on the minds of those who held office. Some years later, in 1960, a company called Mechem was founded and headed by Dr. J. P. ... ...asson. Project Coast is a reason why there are so many sanctions on chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. The intention to study and research may be good, but the idea of it getting in the wrong hands can be detrimental. Reference Bale, J. Monterey Institue of International Studies, (2006). South Africa’s Project Coast: â€Å"Death Squad’s,† Covert State-Sponsored poisonings, and the Dangers of CBW Proliferation (10.1080/1741916060623434). Retrieved from Taylor & Francis Group, LLC website: http://www.miis.edu/media/view/18941/orgianal/balecoastarticle.pdf Buger, M., & Gould, C. (2002). Secrets and Lies: Wouter Basson and South Africa’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme. Zebra Press. Folb, P., & Gould, C. (2002). Project Coast: Apartheid’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme. United Nations Publication. Retrieved from www.unog.ch/bwc

Highschool Dropouts

Vanessa Siegning Professor Dutterer EGL 1010 March 19, 2013 High School Dropouts Going to school has always been seen as one of the most important occupations in our life. All categories of ages can go to school; kids, young people and even adults. School is defined as a place where people get an education. By going to school, people can acquire knowledge and skill that are not only important for the society but also for them. However, getting out of the educative system has become a big phenonem nowadays. It mostly affects students from high school. They usually get out of school without earning at least a High School Diploma.Isn’t too early for those young students to drop out of school? The answer is that sometimes, they have problems that make them get out of school. While dropping out of high school is due to problems such as the financial situation, the family circumstance faced by students, and their difficulty to get adapted to the school system, it also produces effec ts such as the limited access to jobs, the exposition to juvenile delinquency and the lack of education. The major cause that motivates students to get out of high school is the financial situation of their parents.Not all students come from a rich family. Because of a lack of money, some parents cannot afford their children’s need such as school supplies, transportation or nutrition. Regularly, they just have a low rate job or maybe they are on the status of unemployment. It becomes impossible to take care of their family and even themselves. Poverty is a better word to describe their financial situation. It’s automatically clear that a student who lives in such conditions will drop out of school and will try to find a job in order to get some money.Additionally, some students from high school have a lot of difficulties to get adapted to the school system. To provide a better education, schools are always established on a strict system that imposes students to follow some rules in order to get satisfactory results. For example, the school system requires students to be present every day of class and on time, to do their homework and to study or to make research. However, some students find that difficult and unattractive. They do not feel motivated or interested for school. As a result, they fail in class.As long as they get bad grades in class, they always keep in mind that they are wasting their time by going to school. Therefore, the only possibility available for them now is to drop out of school. Another point that causes young students to get out of school is their family circumstance. The majority of high school students are adolescents. We all know that adolescents are sensible, so they are most of the time affected by their family condition. In a family where parents are always fighting or arguing, it gets obvious that students won’t concentrate in their education.Generally, parents who are in trouble in their couple cannot focus anymore on their children’s education. This could lead students to fail in class, and then drop out of school. The same thing applies on a family where parents are separated or divorced. It cannot be easy for single parents to take care of their children; furthermore, to pay attention to their school work. This means children are neglected as well as their education. It‘s certain that when students get out of high school, they have significant causes, but this situation of course generate many effects.First of all, non-graduated high school students have limited access to jobs opportunities. Even when they get one, it’s a low pay job. Knowledge, skill and ability are the first qualities that attract all employers. To stabilize or to develop their society, employers need help from qualified people. The better way to get knowledge is to go to school. The more someone goes to school, the more he earns knowledge. Secondly, when adolescents drop out of high school, t hey are likely exposed to juvenile delinquency. They don’t go to school anymore, so they have enough free time.Habitually, they have nothing to do, and they spend their time by staying in the street with friends. During this period, they might get involved into bad things such as crime, violence and vandalism. Actually, they become a danger for the society. Some of them run away from their family and turn to become homeless. Finally, students who drop out of high school are not educated enough. When people stop going to school early, they don’t have a possibility to be educated enough. They don’t behave correctly and they are not instructed.They cannot debate correctly like people who go to school. Sometimes, those people cannot even speak and write well. For example, it’s impossible for an illiterate person to give some pertinent ideas on a subject concerning the development of a country. They don’t have an ability to think enough. In conclusion, high school dropouts are due to many causes such as the financial situation, the family circumstance and the difficulty of students to get adapted to the school system; however, that situation produces long term effects.While some students stop going to school because of a lack of money and because of their family condition, some of them are just lazy. They don’t want to provide any efforts. As consequences, they have a limited access to jobs, they are exposed to the juvenile delinquency and they are not educated enough. To avoid students of dropping out of school, the government can help parents by providing school supplies to their children.

Prevalence of smoking and drinking Essay

Adolescence, from Latin word adolescere which means â€Å"to grow up† is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood. It is most closely associated with teenage years. Adolescence is further divided into three more stages, the early (12-14 years old), middle (15-17 years old) and late adolescence (18-20/21 years old). In each stage of human development, there are physical, emotional and physiological changes that happen. This is based from the concept that humans have developmental tasks that should be accomplish per stage. In the adolescence stage, adolescents are in critical stage because teenagers are exposed to a larger environment (Macmillan Dictionary for Students, 1981). Background of the study Nowadays, teenagers that are exposed to different environment are now engaged to smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages for some reasons. The strong association between binge drinking and smoking among adolescents may be attributable, in part, to the fact that both adolescent alcohol use and tobacco use share a number of sociocultural risk factors. Researchers have found that these factors—including family and peer influences, demographics, advertising, economics, and alcohol and tobacco availability—are associated with adolescents’ initial and continued tobacco and alcohol use (Bobo, J. and Corinne Husten, 2000). According to the U. S. Surgeon General Report (1994), approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers and an estimated 2. 1 million people began smoking on a daily basis in 1997. More than half of these new daily smokers were younger than age 18. This translates to more than 3,000 new youth smokers per day. The rate of youth initiation of daily smoking increased somewhat from 55. 5 to 74. 9 per 1,000 potential new users between 1991 and 1996, but remained level in 1997 (the 1998 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse). It is said that young people who come from a lowincome family and have fewer than two adults living in their household are especially at risk for becoming smokers and those with poorer grades and lower self-images are most likely to begin. using tobacco. Over the past decade, there has been virtually no decline in smoking rates among all teens. Among black adolescents, however, the prevalence of smoking has declined dramatically. Most young people who smoke are addicted to nicotine and were reported that they want to quit but are unable to do so (Statistics on Teens, 1994). In 2002, Komro and Toomey said that alcohol use by underage drinkers is a persistent public health problem in the United States, and alcohol is the most commonly used drug among adolescents. Accordingly, numerous approaches have been developed and studied that aim to prevent underage drinking. Alcohol use initiation rates for children rise quickly from age 10 up to about age 13, when they reach more than 50 percent. Subsequently, initiation rates begin to slow again (Kosterman, R. et al. , 2000). Moreover, alcohol is the most commonly used drug among adolescents. According to Epstein, J. et al. , alcohol use continues to be an important public health problem. Recent national survey data indicate that 41% of current 8th graders, 62% of 10th graders, 73% of 12th graders and 85% of college students have used alcohol. Even more troubling is that 11% of 8th graders, 22% of 10th graders, 25% of 12th graders and 40% of college students reported heavy episodic drinking. Domingo and Marquez found large gender differences in the risk-taking behaviors among Filipino adolescents and youths. Men are much more likely than women to drink, smoke, and use drugs. The large gender difference in risk-taking behavior among adolescents and youths is rather common in Asian countries but not in the U. S. In our case, The Philippines has no national law regulating smoking and sale of tobacco products. There is no minimum age requirement for the purchase of cigarettes and no law regulating the advertising and promotion of cigarettes. There is no law that requires the printing of warning labels on cigarette packages. Instead, the National Tobacco Administration (NTA) is supposed to protect and promote the â€Å"balanced and integrated growth† of the tobacco industry. Despite the results of a survey which say that 72 per cent of the polled adult population was supportive of having a legislation banning smoking advertisements. There are more restrictions on drinking than smoking especially of the minors. Those who are less than 18 years old are 2|Page prohibited from purchasing or drinking alcoholic drinks. However, the enforcement of this regulation is weak (Choe, M. and Corazon Raymundo, 2001). Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages among senior high school students specifically: 1. to compare the prevalence of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages between senior students of public and private high school; 2. to contrast the occurrence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior high school males and females; 3. to identify and rank the reasons why senior high school students smoke and drink alcoholic beverages; 4. to determine the awareness status of senior high school students in terms of the effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages on their physiological health; and 5.to identify the effect of smoking and drinking of alcoholic beverages on the socialization of senior high school students. Review of Related Literature There are different factors affecting different behaviors of adolescents. One social theory studied by Travis Hirschi (1969) is a more general explanation of deviance than deterrence theory, but which is, in turn, primarily restricted to informal social control which comes from individuals being bonded to groups and institutions. 1236 grade 9-13 students from 62 randomly selected classrooms in 3 Canadian schools in the Borough of East York, 1 of Metropolitan Toronto’s 6 municipalities, were surveyed in December 1994 about their alcohol drinking beliefs and behaviors, and related lifestyle behaviors. Findings are based upon the analysis of data from 628 boys and 608 girls, of whom 799 were born in Canada. 24% of the students reported never having tasted alcohol, 22% had tasted alcohol but were not current drinkers, 39% were current moderate drinkers, 11% drank at 3|Page least 5 drinks per occasion at least once per month, and 5% did not answer. The most often stated reasons for not drinking were family upbringing and they believed adverse effects of alcohol consumption upon health, while the most often stated reasons for drinking were because it is an enjoyable experience and to get into a party mood. Respondents’ drinking patterns were significantly related to gender, ethnicity, grade, and the reported drinking habits of parents and friends. Older male adolescents who describe themselves as Canadian are more likely to drink heavily than are students who are younger or female, or self-identify as Asian or European. Current heavy drinkers are at greater risk than other students of engaging in other high-risk behaviors such as drinking and driving, riding with an intoxicated automobile driver, and smoking every day (Feldman et al. , 1999). In one of the surveys in US, half of respondents knew of a place near their school where kids could go to drink and get high during the school day, according to the yearly back-to-school survey, which polled 1,003 12-to-17-years old. And more than one-third said that students had ample opportunity during the school day to drug, drink and smoke without getting caught. Drug use in both public and private schools is on the rise, with 54 percent of private high school students reporting that drugs are available in their schools versus 24 percent in 2002 and 61 percent of students at public schools saying their schools are â€Å"drug infected,† compared with 46 percent in 2002. The researchers looked closely at the role of social media in teen substance use and found 75 percent of surveyed 12 to 17-year-olds said seeing pictures of teens partying with alcohol or marijuana on social networking sites such as Facebook or MySpace encourages them to party similarly (Gardner, 2012). Forty-five percent of teens – almost 11 million – said they have seen such pictures online and 47 percent of those teens said that it seems like pictured teens are having a good time. Teens who have seen these pictures were found to be four times more likely to have used marijuana, more than three times likelier to have used alcohol, and almost three times more likely to have used tobacco (CBSnews, 2012). 4|Page In the awareness of teenagers on the health risks of smoking and drinking, it was found in one of the studies that teenagers think that smoking is more dangerous than smoking. Teen smoking has declined in all three grades included in the study—grades 8, 10, and 12. Still, almost 19 percent of 12th graders reported current (past-month) cigarette use. This decline shows that more teens realize the harm smoking does to your body and are making the decision not to start. Also, teens’ attitudes about smoking have changed. They increasingly prefer to date nonsmokers and believe smoking to be a dirty habit. Likewise, among nearly all grades, trends over the past 5 years showed significant decreases in alcohol use, including first-time use, occasional use, daily use, and binge drinking. As with smoking, this decline may be the result of more teens understanding the risk of drinking alcohol and disapproving of this behavior (The Sara Bellum Blog, 2012). How teenagers feel about themselves plays a significant role in whether they choose to drink or use other drugs, according to a new report released today by SADD and Liberty Mutual Group. The Teens Today 2003 study also reveals that a teen’s â€Å"Sense of Self,† can influence sexual behavior, reaction to peer pressure, and, importantly, be affected by a teen’s relationships with parents (Henderson and Greenberg, 2004). Research has shown that the media over estimates smoking rates and often associates smoking with favorable attributes or situations. Given that the media plays a large role in influencing youth culture, portrayal of smoking in the media is of concern. In order to explore young people’s perceptions of smoking imagery in the media, 16 focus groups were conducted with 117 school students. Participants were asked to rate smoking images selected from audiovisual and print media, and to discuss their perceptions of these images. The results showed that young people perceived smoking in these media selections to be normal and acceptable. They identified with the stress relieving and social aspects of smoking, despite being well aware of the harmful health effects. Its acceptability as part of a ‘cool’ image was also noted. Positive images of smoking in the media have the potential to down play the serious health consequences of smoking by portraying it in a way that young people interpret as a 5|Page normal part of everyday life. They may also encourage a more neutral or tolerant attitude towards smoking among young people and therefore act to counteract other health promotion efforts to reduce teenage smoking (Watson et al., 2003). 6|Page METHODOLOGY The Participants In the study of determining the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students from private and public high schools, a total of forty senior high school students, twenty students comprising of ten male and ten female students from public high school and twenty students comprising of ten male and ten female students from private high school were randomly asked to answer the questionnaires provided by the group. The public school was a public national high school located in Los Banos, Laguna. On the other hand, the private school is a registered private non-sectarian high school in Los Banos, Laguna as well. The respondents have a mean age of 16 years old, ranging from 15-18, having a mode of 16. Measures The most commonly used and most frequently self devised measuring instrument, the questionnaire was used simply to obtain information directly from subject as to make a standardized list of factual information or elicited application that was generalized to a larger population. A one-shot survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument in the study of determining the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students from private and public high schools. It is a usual study design where a single group of individuals is selected for observation over a single, limited time period, usually because they have experienced some factor taken as important in shaping some outcome (Kelly, 2012). And according to Jupp (2012), it is akin to one-off crosssectional design. As shown in Appendix A, a letter to the respondent identifying our topic and informing our objectives were told. Moreover, see Appendix B for the complete copy of the questionnaire used in the study. 7|Page The questionnaire was divided into three parts: Personal information, Physiological status and Lifestyle, and Social Aspect. The Personal information section was used for determining the age, sex, type of school, religion, and parents’ civil status. While in the physiological status and lifestyle section, this would tell us how often the students from private and public schools smoke and drink alcoholic beverages. Also, to find out if the students were aware of the effects that these specific vices can contribute to their health condition. Lastly, the way of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages of the students in terms of having a companion or not while smoking and/or drinking and the perceptions of parents and themselves were determined in the Social Aspect section. The Setting The researchers had entrusted the set of questionnaires to one of the respondents from public and one from private high schools. They were the ones who distributed the set questionnaires to their fellow senior high school classmates. The respondents were a given a whole day time to answer the survey questionnaire. The two entrusted students collected all the completely answered survey questionnaires at the end of the day. Data Analysis In the process of obtaining, the questionnaires were made, distributed and collected again. For a more simple analysis of the data collated, tallying was made in a tabulated manner. The data obtained were computed to get the percentage by dividing the number of score with the sum total of scores and then multiplying it by 100% using the formula: P = f / N x 100% Where: P – Percentage N – Total number of respondents F – Frequency 8|Page And lastly, for an easier glance to the data collected, it will have a graphical presentation in a form of bar graph, pie chart and other usual graphical ways to present the data. In order to identify the reasons why they smoke and what they think their parents perceive them a list of possible choices were mentioned in the questionnaire. These reasons were ranked 1 to 3 by the respondents who are smoking and/or drinking alcoholic beverages. In order to evaluate the rankings, an improvised rubric is formulated. Every number (rank) has an equivalent vote just to differentiate and identify the leading reasons. Rank 1 – 3 points Rank 2 – 2 points Rank 3 – 1 point The highest vote will be assigned as the top reason while the others will be ranked according to the accumulated votes. The tabulated rank can be found on the results and discussion. Other data, including the occurrence, prevalence, frequency, reasons, and perceptions of male and female senior students smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among private and public high schools were tabulated and graphed in order to see the comparison. While in determining the awareness of the students if smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages had an effect on their health condition, and if they were able to gain friends were in a form of poll. 9|Page RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students of public and private high school were determined and observed. As seen in Table 1, the total number of students smoking is 3, with 2 females and 1 male in public school. While 4 students, with 3 males and 1 female in private school. Among the 40 students, 7 of them were smoking. Table 1. Number of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Public Private Subtotal Male 1 3 4 Female 2 1 3 3 4 7 TOTAL As seen in Table 2, the total number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in public school is 6, with 4 males and 2 females. While there are 9 students drinking alcoholic beverages in private school. Among the 40 students, 15 of them were drinking alcoholic beverages. Table 2. Number of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Public Private Subtotal Male 4 6 10 Female 2 3. 5 6 9 15 TOTAL 10 | P a g e The occurrence of male and female students smoking in public and private high school students is shown in Fig. 1. It was observed that there’s a higher number of smoking students in male category in private school. While, there is a higher number of smoking students in female category in public school. Moreover, students from private schools are more exposed to smoking. This might be because of the accessibility and affordability. Most private school students are in middle to high class statuses. Smoking 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 Male 1. 5 Female 1 0. 5. 0 Private Public Fig. 1. Occurrence of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Conversely, The occurrence of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in public and private high school students are shown in Fig. 2.. It was observed that there’s a higher number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in male category in private school. While, there is a higher number of students drinking alcoholic beverages in male category in public school. Moreover, students from private schools are more exposed to drinking alcoholic beverages. This might be because of the accessibility and affordability. Most private school students are in middle to high class statuses. 11 | P a g e Drinking 7 6 5 4 Male 3 Female 2 1 0 Private Public Fig. 2. Occurrence of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Table 3. Frequency of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Daily 1-2 times a week 3-5 times a week Occasionally Public Male | Female | | 2 1 Male || | Female | Subtotal 0 0 Private Subtotal 0 3 1 0 TOTAL 0 5 2 0 12 | P a g e 0%. Smoking 0% 29% Daily 1-2x a week 3-5x a week Occasionally 71% Fig. 3. Frequency of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Table 4. Frequency of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Daily 1-2 times a week 3-5 times a week Occasionally Public Male ||| Female | | 4 1 1 Male |||| | | Female | | | Subtotal 0 | Private Subtotal 0 5 2 2 TOTAL 0 9 3 3 13 | P a g e Figure 4. Frequency of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools 0% Drinking 20%. Daily 1-2x a week 3-5x a week 20% 60% Occasionally Students involved in smoking in private and public high schools had their own reasons why they did the vice. As seen in Table 5, the most voted reason in public high school was to experiment, and the least was because they imitated it from their parents. On the other hand, the most voted reason in private high school was to experiment also and the least was because of losing weight and media influence. 14 | P a g e Table 5. Rank of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools. Smoking Public Private Rank Votes Reason Rank Votes 6 0 Imitated from parents 2 6 2 5 Peer pressure 3 4 3 3 Media influence (advertisements) 5 0 5 1 Fashionable 4 3 5 1 Form of rebellion 4 3 4 2 Wanting to lose weight 5 0 1 6 To experiment 1 8 18 24 Table 6. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Smoking Rank Reason Votes 1 To experiment 14 2 Peer pressure 9 3 Imitated from parents 6 4 Fashionable 4 4 Form of rebellion 4 5 Media influence (advertisements) 3 6 Wanting to lose weight 2 42. 15 | P a g e Reasons for smoking 7% To experiment 5% 33% 10% Peer Pressure Imitated from parents Fashionable 10% Form of rebellion Media influence 14% 21% Figure 5. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students smoking in private and public high schools Students involved in drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools had their own reasons why they did the vice. As seen in Table 7, the most voted reason in public high school was to have good time with friends, and the least was because of boredom and form of rebellion. On the other hand, the most voted reason in private high school was to have good time with friends also and the least was because of boredom and form of rebellion also. 16 | P a g e Table 7. Rank of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Drinking Alcoholic beverages Public Rank Vote Private Reason Rank Vote 1 13 To have good time with friends 1 17 3 5 To experiment, to see what it’s like 2 10 5 2 To feel good, get high 4 7 4 4 Because it tastes good 6 4 2 9 To relax or relieve tension 3 9 7 0 Boredom. 7 0 5 2 To get away from my problems 5 6 7 0 Form of rebellion 7 0 7 0 Influenced by alcoholic parents 8 0 6 1 To get to sleep 7 1 7 0 To fit with a group I like 8 0 7 0 Anger or frustration 8 0 36 54 17 | P a g e Table 8. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools Drinking Rank Reason Votes 1 To have good time with friends 30 2 To relax or relieve tension 18 3 To experiment, to see what it’s like 15 4 To feel good, get high 9 5 Because it tastes good 8 5 To get away from my problems. 8 6 To get to sleep 2 7 Boredom 0 7 Form of rebellion 0 7 Influenced by alcoholic parents 0 7 To fit with a group I like 0 7 Anger or frustration 0 90 18 | P a g e Reasons for drinking alcoholic beverages 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% To have good time with friends To relax or relieve tension 9% To experiment, to see what it’s like 9% 33% To feel good, get high Because it tastes good To get away from my problems 10% To get to sleep Boredom Form of rebellion 17% Influenced by alcoholic parents 20% To fit with a group I like Anger or frustration Fig. 6. Combined ranking of reasons of male and female students drinking alcoholic beverages in private and public high schools High school students are indeed part of the society. However, that does not mean that all of them are aware on certain issues present in the status quo today. Figure7 shows us that in terms of awareness of male and female students in the effects of smoking to the health condition, 95% said that they are aware, and 5% said they are not aware. This just means that even though majority knows that this can affect health condition, there are still young students who are blindly exposed to this habit. Aware Not Aware 95% 5% Fig. 7. Awareness status of male and female students in the effects of smoking to the health condition 19 | P a g e Figure 8 shows us that in terms of awareness of male and female students in the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages to the health condition, 100% said that they are aware. Students were able to identify the negative effects of drinking to health condition. 100% Aware Not Aware Fig. 8. Awareness status of male and female students in the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages to the health condition. While it is important to know the reason why some adolescents smoke and/or drink alcoholic beverages, and after knowing if they were aware that these things affect their health conditions. We also have to look at the perceptions of people around them, and also what they think of themselves. In contrast to awareness of the respondents in the negative effects of smoking and drinking on health condition is their way of performing these vices, either alone, with friends, or both. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 shows the way of drinking and smoking of public and private high school students respectively. It is observed that 53% or the majority of the students engage in drinking with friends, and 80% of them smoke either alone or with friends. This shows the social aspect of the students with their same age group in doing the said activities. 20 | P a g e Do you drink by yourself or with your friends? 0% Alone 47% With friends 53% Both Fig. 9. Way of drinking alcoholic beverages of male and female students among public and private high schools Do you smoke by yourself or with your friends? 0% 20% Alone With friends Both 80% Fig. 10. Way of smoking of male and female students among public and private high schools. 21 | P a g e Table 9. Perception of smokers and/or drinker of people on them Parents Cool || Friends Self 2 ||| 3 |||| 4 0 || 2 | 1 |||||-|||| 9 |||||-||| 8 |||||-| 6 |||| 4 || 2 |||| 4 Addict Good Bad As seen in Fig. 11, the majority of the students answered COOL as what they think their parents thought of them. The least vote was they thought that their parents think their children were bad. This means that even if they’re doing those kinds of vices, their parents still accept them. What your parents think of you? 9% 10% Cool Addict Good 23% 58% Bad Fig. 11. Perception of the respondents on what their parents think of them as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages 22 | P a g e On the other hand, the Fig. 12 shows the perception of the respondents on what their friends think of them in engagement of the said vices. 54% think that their friends consider their activity in a good way because it helps them gain friends, to be able to interact, and to socialize well with other people. It is observed that what they think their friends perceive also had the same result as to how they comprehend themselves when they smoke or drink. What your friends think of you? 13% 20% Cool Addict 13% Good Bad 54% Fig. 12. Perception of the respondents on what their friends think of them as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages It is also important that students can assess themselves even if they are doing some vices. As seen in Figure 13, majority of them still thought that they are good. However, 6% of the students thought they are addicts. Conversely, there is a consensus that 27% thought that they are cool and bad. 23 | P a g e How do you perceive youself? Cool 27% 27% Addict Good 6% Bad 40% Fig. 13. Perception of the respondents on what they perceive on themselves as they smoke and drink alcoholic beverages Perceptions are indeed important. But, it is still significant when it comes to application or reality. Are these students still gain friends after all their vices? In a poll seen in Fig. 14, 9 out of 15 said that they gained friends, and 6 out of 15 said that they did not gain friends. Meaning, there people who discriminate or dislike the vices. Or even if it’s okay for them, it is not proper to be exposed earlier. Did you gain friends? Yes No 60%. 40% 9 out of 15 6 out of 15 Fig. 14. A poll showing the effect of drinking and/or smoking on their socialization Seemingly, many committed smokers and/or drinkers showed that they gained friends after having learning how to smoke and/or drink. However, there are still some who don’t. 24 | P a g e LIMITATION AND SIGNIFICANCE Limitation There are certain problems that were encountered in the study. One of which is that the idea that honesty in answering these questionnaires have suffered. The respondents may or may not answer these questionnaires in full honesty. From here, we may have little discrepancies or percentage errors. Significance The significance of this study is for the teenagers to be aware in terms of the effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages on their physiological health. This study can also help the parents of those teenagers to understand more the point of view of teenagers who are engaged to these activities. They can know the cause why teenagers are into smoking and drinking alcoholic beverage. 25 | P a g e SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Summary and Conclusion The study was able to conduct the research on the prevalence of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages among senior students of public and private high school. 18% of the students in both public and private schools are engaged in smoking; however, there are students in private schools who smoke more than students in public schools. It is concluded that the social status of the students is a common factor since private school students have more access to cigarettes and could afford it than those in public schools. It is also determined that the male students in private schools and the female students in public schools are more prone to the said vice and their main reasons were: (1) to experiment; (2) peer pressure; and (3) imitated from their parents. With regards to their way of smoking, the students’ general frequency is 1-2 times a week, and they usually smoke either alone or with peers. Most likely they tend to smoke with their peers because it is their way of socialization. The students also perceive that they are also likely to gain friends when they smoke. It is concluded that the perception of the students to what their parent think of them is â€Å"in-the-trend† when they are engaged in smoking. The majority thinks that their parents consider them as â€Å"cool† or â€Å"sophisticated†. Aside from that, the respondents think that their friends refer to smoking in a good way, causing them to also perceive the same judgment. To summarize the above statements, it is evident that the students in their adolescent stage have more desire to please their peers rather than their parents because they want to have a sense of belonging and they want to socialize more with people of the same age group. Peers are the most important relationship in the teenage years. They engage in different kinds of activities, and one of those are vices. In this stage, the curiosity level of the person is prominent because he/she is able to perceive different kinds of activities from various types of people. Parents are also a factor because they are the ones who nourish their child’s well-being. What they do causes 26 | P a g e various impacts on the child, causing him/her to either imitate it or not. The social status of the students also has an effect on their engagement in vices; it depends on how well they can afford it and on what terms they could get access. On the other hand, not every student in both public and private high schools is aware that smoking can affect their health condition. 5% of the students are still blindly exposed to the effects of smoking; therefore, it is recommended that both kinds of schools should also give the students more knowledge and expose them.